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In civil construction, formwork is used to mold fresh concrete, giving shape to various types of structural elements. One of the most important points in formwork analysis is the suitability between the required number of concrete pours and the utilization and efficiency of the panels used. It is important to choose the type of panel that best meets your needs, as this will provide a cheaper cost per cubic meter, increasing the profitability of your project. The panels are subdivided into contact surface and structure. Learn about some characteristics of the different types of panels found on the market:

• Wooden Panel: These are panels with a contact surface and panel structure made of wood. They are calculated based on NBR 7190, which determines not only the thickness of the plywood but also the elements in the panel structure and their spacing, always according to the concrete pressure allowed for the situation, based on NBR 15696. It should be noted that in some locations only the use of reforestation wood is permitted.

• Panel with precast elements : These are panels with a contact surface and structure made of precast elements that must comply with NBR15696 and other relevant standards depending on the material used (steel, wood, aluminum, etc.). For this type of panel, the thickness of the contact surface and the spacing must also be determined based on the resistance of the elements, using the adopted concrete pressure as a guide.

• Prefabricated panels : These are pre-structured panels with predefined spacing and contact surface thickness, therefore, they have a defined maximum concrete pouring pressure that cannot be exceeded. The most commonly used pressure units in the market and in standards are: kN/m² or kgf/m².

• Industrialized Metal Panel : These are industrialized panels with a contact surface and structure made of metal, primarily steel or aluminum, and differ from other panels due to their high number of reuse possibilities.

• Mixed industrialized panel : These are panels composed of a structure and contact surface made of different materials. The most commonly used are panels with a metal structure (steel, aluminum) and a surface made of plywood, phenolic resin, etc.

• Industrialized plastic panel : These are panels with a plastic structure and contact surface, also with a defined maximum pressure used in the panel's dimensioning.

• Formwork Systems : With the panels described above and their respective accessories, versatile or specific systems can be created depending on the needs of the project. This involves considering not only the reuse of materials but also the labor involved in assembly, disassembly, and cleaning, but that's a topic for another discussion.